Inductive reasoning is a “bottom-up” mental process where specific observations lead to a broad, generalized conclusion. This approach focuses on probability rather than absolute certainty, relying on the identification of patterns to predict future outcomes. For instance, if every lemon sampled has been sour, the logical conclusion follows that “all lemons are sour.” While this method is essential for scientific discovery and daily life, the resulting conclusions remain open to revision if a single piece of conflicting evidence, such as a sweet lemon, is ever encountered.